A single-region deployment is a single point of failure. If an entire data center burns down, the ledger stops. Furthermore, if your users are in Tokyo and your database is in Frankfurt, the speed of light imposes a hard, unbreakable…
In a static universe, database sharding is a solved problem. You define your hash modulus, spin up your physical nodes, and route the traffic. But a core banking ledger does not exist in a static universe. Data volumes grow exponentially.…
The Actor Model is the gold standard for escaping database deadlocks in high-throughput financial ledgers. By routing all commands for a specific account to a single, dedicated JVM thread, you eliminate concurrent reads and writes. The ledger becomes a linear,…
In a 24/7 core banking system, the End-of-Day (EOD) batch window is not merely a scheduled script; it is a hard state transition. The ledger must shift from a high-concurrency, random I/O-bound OLTP state (processing real-time payments) to a sequential,…
In a traditional RDBMS-backed ledger, immutability is a declarative illusion. It is enforced via application-level constraints, revokeable UPDATE and DELETE privileges, and reliance on the database administrator not executing a WHERE 1=1 statement. For regulatory bodies and internal auditors, a…
A monolithic relational database hosting a multi-million-row account_balances table eventually encounters physical and operational limits. As the dataset and workload grow, the database buffer pool can become less effective, index and storage I/O can increase, and row-level contention can become a limiting…
